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7 nguyên tắc sử dụng hợp lý thuốc kháng sinh

Thuốc nói chung cần phải sử dụng an toàn và hiệu qủa. Riêng với kháng sinh là thuốc trị bệnh nhiễm khuẩn cần phải đặc biệt lưu ý. Bởi vì nếu sử dụng kháng sinh không hợp lý sẽ đưa đến tác hại rất lớn. Thứ nhất chính thuốc kháng sinh sẽ gây tai biến cho cơ thể ta như dị ứng, nhiễm độc các cơ quan, loạn khuẩn đường ruột làm tiêu chảy đôi khi rất trầm trọng. Tác hại thứ hai nghiêm trong hơn nhiều là nếu sử dụng thuốc kháng sinh bừa bãi sẽ gây hiện tượng vi khuẩn đề kháng lại kháng sinh. Hiện nay các nhà y học rất lo lắng vì thuốc kháng sinh trước đây tỏ ra rất tốt rất hiệu quả trong điều trị thì nay đã bị nhiều loại vi khuẩn đề kháng.

1. Chỉ sử dụng kháng sinh khi thật sự bị bệnh nhiễm khuẩn. Chỉ có thầy thuốc điều trị dựa vào kinh nghiệm chữa bệnh, dựa vào xét nghiệm, làm kháng sinh đồ mới xáx định được có nhiễm khuẩn hay không?

2. Phải chọn đúng loại kháng sinh Nếu chọn dùng kháng sinh không đúng loại bệnh thuốc sẽ không có hiệu quả

3. Phải có sự hiểu biết về thể trạng người bệnh. Ðặc biệt đối với các phụ nữ có thai, người già, người bị suy gan, suy thận, chỉ có thầy thuốc điều trị mới có đủ thẩm quyền cho sử dụng kháng sinh

4. Phải dùng kháng sinh đúng liều đúng cách.

5. Phải dùng kháng sinh đủ thời gian. Tùy theo loại bệnh và tình trạng bệnh thời gian dùng kháng sinh có khi dài khi ngắn nhưng thông thường là không dưới 5 ngày

6. Chỉ phối hợp nhiều loại kháng sinh khi thật cần thiết

7. Phòng ngừa bằng thuốc kháng sinh phải thật hợp lý. Chỉ có những trường hợp đặc biệt thầy thuốc mới cho dùng thuốc kháng sinh gọi là phòng ngừa. Thí dụ, dùng kháng sinh phòng ngừa trong phẫu thuật do nguy cơ nhiễm khuẩn hậu phẫu. Hoặc người bị viêm nội mạc tim đã chữa khỏi vẫn phải dùng kháng sinh để ngừa tái nhiễm

Bảo đảm được những điều trình bày ở trên cho thấy sử dụng kháng sinh hợp lý là vấn đề phức tạp, đòi hỏi phải có kiến thức và trình độ chuyên môn. Do vậy, chỉ nên sử dụng thuốc kháng sinh theo sự chỉ định của bác sĩ và theo sự hướng dẫn của dược sĩ

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7 nguyên tắc sử dụng hợp lý thuốc kháng sinh

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