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Cảnh giác ngộ độc thức ăn không do vi khuẩn

(Dân trí) - Ngộ độc thức ăn thường do thức ăn nhiễm khuẩn hoặc không liên quan với vi khuẩn. Và ngộ độc thức ăn không do vi khuẩn ngày càng trở nên phổ biến.

Ngộ độc thức ăn không do vi khuẩn đang có nguy cơ phát triển nhiều tại nước ta, vì vậy trong sinh hoạt hàng ngày, cộng đồng người dân nên chú ý các trường hợp sau đây để chủ động phòng ngừa:

- Ô nhiễm chất độc trong nông nghiệp do dùng các loại hoá chất bảo vệ thực vật như thuốc trừ sâu, thuốc diệt cỏ. Người nông dân trồng trọt phun thuốc không đúng quy định về nồng độ, thời gian từ khi phun hoá chất đến khi thu hoạch sản phẩm chưa đủ quy trình yêu cầu sẽ làm cho sản phẩm nông nghiệp bị nhiễm độc. Nguồn gây nhiễm độc này thường gặp từ các loại rau, hoa quả.

- Các chất độc từ những dụng cụ chứa đựng làm bằng sành, sứ, chất dẻo, túi đựng hàng có thể ngấm vào thức ăn. Các loại dụng cụ này, nhất là các loại dụng cụ chứa nước mắm, muối, giấm, rượu, dầu... rất dễ ngấm chất độc như kim loại nặng, hoá chất độc vào thực phẩm… gây ra tình trạng ngộ độc mãn tính cho người sử dụng. Vấn đề này ít khi được chú ý để đề phòng.

- Bao bì thực phẩm bằng cao su nhân tạo, đầu núm vú ở bình sữa trẻ em... chứa những chất lưu hoá cao su, những dẫn xuất của nhân thơm như chất benzo-3-4 piren có khả năng gây ung thư.

- Các chất phụ gia cho vào thức ăn không được phép của cơ quan y tế, thường gặp nhiều nhất là các loại đường hoá học, các chất phẩm màu... cũng có thể gây ngộ độc.

- Một số chất độc còn có thể gặp do sự gian dối, chạy theo lợi nhuận kinh tế cá nhân mà quên đi sức khoẻ và tính mạng của người tiêu dùng như dùng dầu công nghiệp để rán bánh, dùng thuốc trừ sâu cho thêm vào rượu...

- Một số trường hợp do nhầm lẫn chất độc với thức ăn ở kho hàng, ở gia đình, tại cửa hàng vì không theo đúng quy định về vệ sinh an toàn thực phẩm.

Ở một số nơi, người dân vẫn còn ăn những thức ăn độc như nấm độc, các loại lá độc hay cá độc... do không được truyền thông giáo dục sức khoẻ cẩn thận. Vì vậy, vẫn còn có nhiều người ăn nhầm và bị ngộ độc.

Cộng đồng người dân cần quan tâm đến vấn đề này để phòng ngừa, tránh những trường hợp ngộ độc thực phẩm đáng tiếc xảy ra.

TTƯT.BS. Nguyễn Võ Hinh

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