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Chống nắng cho… mắt

(Dân trí) - Chúng ta thường xuyên bôi kem chống nắng để bảo vệ da nhưng lại lơ là bảo vệ mắt. Trong khi các bệnh về mắt có liên quan đến tia tử ngoại rất nhiều.

Các bệnh ở mắt:

Mí mắt: Ngoài việc sản sinh ra các vết thâm nám do cháy nắng, làm lắng đọng sắc tố da, đồng thời cũng làm tăng nguy cơ ung thư da, ví dụ như ung thư da mí mắt, thậm chí là ung thư tế bào gốc.

Kết mạc: Gây biến chất thoái hóa mô kết mạc, sinh ra các vết nứt ở mắt. Tức là lòng trắng mắt kết mạc, hình thành màng sợi huyết quản theo góc hình tam giác trong mắt. Điều này không ảnh hưởng đến ngoại quan nhưng lại làm cho thị giác bị tổn thương, cần phải phẫu thuật chữa trị, bệnh này cũng dễ bộc phát lại.

Thủy tinh thể: Đẩy nhanh tốc độ làm vẩn đục thủy tinh thể, sinh ra bệnh đục thủy tinh thể sớm, cuối cùng phải phẫu thuật chữa trị.

Võng mạc: Tăng thêm nguy cơ thoái hóa ở phần hoàng điểm. Đây là yếu tố tiềm ẩn nguy cơ thoái hóa điểm vàng ở người già, những bệnh này đều ảnh hưởng đến thị lực trung ương.

Phòng chống

Chuyên gia khuyến nghị giảm thiểu phơi mắt ra dưới ánh nắng mặt trời và dùng Phương pháp bảo vệ mắt thích hợp là 2 nguyên tắc lớn để cho mắt không bị tổn thương bởi tia tử ngoại. Thông thường cần phải chú ý những điểm sau:

1. Khi hoạt động ở ngoài chú ý tránh sự phản chiếu của tia tử ngoại từ mặt nước, bến sông, mặt đường.

2. Tránh ở lâu ngoài trời khi lượng tia tử ngoại đạt “đỉnh”. Thời gian lượng tia tử ngoại nhiều nhất là từ 11 giờ đến 2 giờ trưa.

3. Khi bắt buộc đi ra ngoài hoặc lái xe dưới ánh nắng gay gắt, nên đeo kính bảo vệ mắt có tia UVA và UVB chống tia tử ngoại. Kính chống nắng theo nguyên lý quang học, mắt kính có màu đen hoặc màu nâu sẫm là tốt nhất.

4. Khi đeo kính cận thì cũng nên có chức năng chống tia tử ngoại.

5. Nhãn cầu của trẻ em yếu hơn rất nhiều so với người lớn, cho nên bảo vệ chống tia tử ngoại càng quan trọng, đặc biệt là những trẻ em đang chữa trị cận thị, đồng tử càng to thì tiếp nhận càng nhiều tia tử ngoại.cho nên trẻ em cũng nên đeo kính chống nắng và thường xuyên phải dùng ô che chắn cho trẻ để bảo vệ cho đôi mắt sáng đẹp.

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