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Cẩm nang sức khỏe

Không uống rượu bia, vẫn bị gan nhiễm mỡ

(Dân trí) - Đi khám sức khỏe định kỳ, anh Nguyễn Tài (Hương Khê, Hà Tĩnh) rất bất ngờ khi siêu âm xong, bác sĩ kết luận gan nhiễm mỡ. Tin rằng bệnh do bia rượu mà ra nên anh ra Hà Nội khám lại lần nữa. Tuy nhiên, kết quả không thay đổi.

 

 

Nghèo nàn triệu chứng

 

“Mình cao 1,70m, nặng chưa tròn 50kg, cũng chẳng biết bia rượu (mỗi lần uống không được ¼ lon bia là mặt mũi đỏ tưng bừng) mà bỗng dưng mắc bệnh thường chỉ gặp ở người hay uống rượu bia”, anh Tài băn khoăn.

 

Hiện ước tính tỉ lệ gan nhiễm mỡ chiếm khoảng 2,8 - 24% dân số thế giới, gặp ở cả người trẻ, người gầy, người ở lứa tuổi trung niên. Tỷ lệ này đang có xu hướng gia tăng cùng với sự gia tăng người bị béo phì, mỡ trong máu cao, đái đường typ 2.

 

Theo đó, nếu  không điều trị, 50% bệnh nhân gan nhiễm mỡ do rượu sẽ bị xơ hóa, trong số này 15% sẽ tiến triển đến xơ gan và 4% sẽ bị ung thư gan.

Bởi trên thực tế, các chuyên gia thường chỉ khuyến cáo về tình trạng mắc gan do lạm dụng rượu bia như: Một người mới chỉ uống rượu trong vài ngày cũng có thể khiến tế bào gan chứa ngay tế bào mỡ. Nếu ngừng uống rượu luôn thì các tế bào gan có thể phục hồi. Còn duy trì sử dụng trên 30gr cồn mỗi ngày sẽ có nguy cơ cao mắc các bệnh lý về gan (một lon bia chứa 10-12gr cồn).

 

Tuy nhiên, theo PGS.TS Phạm Thị Hồ, phó chủ tịch Hội tiêu hóa Việt Nam, tình trạng người gầy, không bia rượu mà vẫn bị gan nhiễm mỡ khá phổ biến. Đó là bệnh lý gan nhiễm mỡ không do bia rượu mà do các bệnh mãn tính, nhiễm độc chất, thuốc gây viêm gan... và đặc biệt là do rối loạn chuyển hóa gây ra.

 

Đây là một chứng bệnh “im lặng”, thường chỉ tình cờ phát hiện khi siêu âm do hầu hết bệnh nhân đều cảm thấy khỏa mạnh, chỉ có 1 số ít tưng tức vùng bụng.

 

Chủ yếu là điều trị dự phòng

 

Do bệnh gan nhiễm mỡ không có thuốc đặc trị nên việc tìm nguyên nhân để điều chỉnh được ưu tiên hàng đầu. “Bệnh gan nhiễm mỡ không do rượu thường hay gặp ở người béo phì, tiểu đường typ 2, rối loạn tăng lipid máu”, TS Hồ nói. Trong đó, với chứng gan nhiễm mỡ đơn thuần do rối loạn chuyển hóa lipit thì việc việc điều trị có thể phục hồi hoàn toàn.

                                                         

Ngoài ra, chủ yếu dự phòng và làm giảm nguy cơ gây ra gan nhiễm mỡ. Cụ thể, nên hạn chế ăn nhiều đường và mỡ; tăng cường tập thể dục thường xuyên, tránh các thuốc gây độc cho gan và tuân thủ điều trị theo nguyên nhân gây ra bệnh gan nhiễm mỡ.

 

Tuy nhiên, khi thấy bác sĩ chỉ căn dặn thay đổi chế độ ăn ít năng lượng, giảm lượng mỡ nên nhiều bệnh nhân cho rằng bệnh không phải uống thuốc chắc hẳn là bệnh nhẹ vì thế không thực hiện đúng như lời dặn. Khi đó, chứng bệnh có thể diễn tiến nặng lên, gây xơ hóa gan và một số ít có thể bị ung thư gan. “Theo thống kê có đến 40% bệnh nhân bị viêm gan sẽ tử vong trong vòng 6 tháng kể từ khi có biểu hiện triệu chứng lâm sàng mà không điều trị”, TS Hồ nhấn mạnh.

 

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