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Viêm phổi - nguyên nhân gây tử vong hàng đầu ở trẻ nhỏ
(SKDS) - Nhân Ngày Thế giới phòng chống viêm phổi lần thứ tư, ngày 12/11, Quỹ Nhi đồng Liên hợp quốc (UNICEF) tại Việt Nam cho biết, các nhà lãnh đạo thế giới và Liên minh toàn cầu về Phòng chống viêm phổi đang kêu gọi toàn cầu nỗ lực phòng chống viêm phổi, nguyên nhân hàng đầu gây tử vong ở trẻ em dưới 5 tuổi.
Theo thống kê, chỉ riêng năm 2011, khoảng 1,3 triệu trẻ em bị tử
vong do viêm phổi và là nguyên nhân dẫn đến gần 1/5 ca tử vong ở trẻ em
trên toàn thế giới. Theo Phó Đại diện UNICEF tại Việt Nam - Ông Jesper
Moller cho biết, theo nghiên cứu, mỗi ngày có khoảng 11 trẻ em dưới 5
tuổi tử vong do viêm phổi. Đây là một trong những nguyên nhân gây tử
vong hàng đầu đối với trẻ em ở Việt Nam.
 Khám bệnh cho trẻ tại Bệnh viện Nhi Trung ương. Ảnh: Thu Hương |
Các nhà chuyên môn khuyến cáo, tại Việt Nam tỷ lệ bà mẹ nuôi con
hoàn toàn bằng sữa mẹ thấp nhất trong khu vực Đông Nam Á. Nuôi con bằng
sữa mẹ hoàn toàn trong 6 tháng đầu có thể giảm tỉ lệ nhiễm khuẩn đường
hô hấp cấp và viêm phổi tới 15 lần.
Theo điều tra, ở Việt Nam, chỉ có khoảng 5% các bà mẹ và người chăm
sóc trẻ nắm được các dấu hiệu nguy hiểm của viêm phổi và chỉ có 68% trẻ
em có triệu chứng viêm phổi được điều trị bằng kháng sinh. Hiện nay
chưa có chương trình quản lý viêm phổi dựa vào cộng đồng, trong khi đó,
một chương trình như vậy lại rất quan trọng nhất là đối với trẻ em sống ở
khu vực miền núi xa xôi dễ bị viêm phổi.
Các nhà chuyên môn khuyến cáo: Người dân cần có ý thức và nhận biết
được những triệu chứng nguy hiểm của bệnh viêm phổi để đưa trẻ đến cơ
sở y tế kịp thời nhằm tránh được những trường hợp tử vong đáng tiếc.
Cần tuyên truyền, phổ biến để người dân nâng cao ý thức chăm sóc sức
khỏe cho trẻ và có những hiểu biết tốt hơn, điều này cũng góp phần giảm
thiểu trường hợp trẻ tử vong do phát hiện muộn.
|
Dấu hiệu phát hiện sớm viêm phổi ở trẻ Bệnh viêm phổi do nhiều nguyên nhân gây nên và thường rất đa dạng và phức tạp: Giai đoạn sớm: Trẻ có thể chỉ có sốt nhẹ, ho húng hắng, chảy nước mắt và nước mũi, khò khè, ăn kém, bỏ bú, quấy khóc... Giai đoạn sau: Nếu trẻ không được điều trị đúng và theo dõi sát thì sẽ diễn biến nặng hơn với biểu hiện sốt cao, ho tăng lên, có đờm, khó thở, thở nhanh, rút lõm lồng ngực, bỏ bú hoặc bú kém, tím môi, tím đầu chi... Ngoài ra, trẻ có thể bị tiêu chảy, nôn, đau bụng, phổi có nhiều ran ẩm nhỏ hạt. Tình trạng này kéo dài sẽ gây thiếu ôxy cung cấp cho não, trẻ sẽ li bì hoặc bị kích thích, co giật... |
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